Creativity and innovation in different languages and literary genres cause the transforming of speech and placing of it in a higher position. Investigation of styles of poets and the characteristic manifestations result in careful cognition of poetry. GHEYSAR AMINPOUR is well known for creativity in his poems. Poetry talent along with university education gave him a power to select words and combine them in such a way to create new combinations. He has a special technique in playing with words especially in pun, allusion, and literary devices. He used allusion devices to create new combination and this innovation can be seen throughout his literary works. The aim of this article is to recognize the new combination of words especially those that are very prominent. For carrying this investigation, five poetry notebooks; namely, AYNEHAI NAGAHAN, GOLHA HAME AFTABGARDANAND, TANAFOS SOBH, DAR KOCHE AFTAB, and DASTORE ZABANE ESHGH have been investigated.

After finishing the collection of language elements which they wanted to restrict to the Arabian Peninsula, after organizing and categorizing them under deliberate subjects which include all the language aspects and finally after fulfilling all those scholastic stages, the syntax scholars found another scholastic stage which they felt obliged to deal with and this stage is ‘cause finding’. They observed that for each form of language and for each issue of the syntax and morphology, there is a cause which facilitates the process of understanding, learning and teaching. They do not insist on the certainty of causes but believed in their probability and uncertainty. It is assumed that the causes mentioned in Sibawayh’s Kitab come from emotions resulting from different speech usages due to diverse meanings and speech conditions. This article intends to explain examples selected from Sibawayh’s Kitab for cause finding of CONNOTATIONs.

Death and desire for immortality are among the man’s ontological questions. Hinduism like other religions, at the given tenets, has managed to remove or relief human distress of immortality. Vedas and Upanishads, in one or other way, have attended and accepted the man’s composite of two dimension and excellence of its spiritual aspect. Bhagavad-Gita too has endorsed immortality of soul explicitly in chapter 2 and implicitly in other chapters by some evidences. Gita by supposing man as immortal soul, refuses reality of death. Impossibility of conversion of real to unreal is the most important ratiocination of Gita in proving illusion of soul’s extinction. Despite of diversity of immortality’s CONNOTATION, Gita by companying it with knowledge (jnana) has given more supreme concept of man’s immortality. Theories of Sankhya and Vedanta, reasoning to prove illusion of death, absoluteness of immortality, Jivan-mukta’s qualities, distinction of para-vidya from apara-vidya, doctrine of Avatara, and the idea of reincarnation are gita’s implicit proofs of immortality of soul by CONNOTATION of “cognizance of own self’s immortality”.

This paper is a survey on the conceptual evolution trend of such terms as "dialogue" and "dialogue among civilizations". The lexical similarities as well as the historical backgrounds of thes~ two terms do not cause the necessities and exigencies that have led to their re-introduction at different social and practical levels to be neglected. Nowadays, dialectic approaches to philosophy, linguistics, sociology, communication and political sciences have gained especial significance and the idea of "dialogue among civilizations", beyond the stressful political and international relations, has been warmly welcomed in cultural and scientific fields. Besides, this idea has the required potential to turn to a sociological theory using the new dialectic approaches. The present paper attempts to describe the components of dialogue and classify the theories in this regard to establish the theoretical foundations of the dialogue among civilizations.

Dans cet article, nous allons d’abord essayer de dresser a grands traits l’historique du terme “CONNOTATION”, l’emploi qui en a ete fait par les logiciens et les linguistes avant Hjelmslev. Ensuite nous allons etudier ce terme dans le domaine de la semiotique, chez Hjemslev, Barthes et Greimas, enfin nous situerons la CONNOTATION dans le domaine de la semantique et, pour une semantique de la CONNOTATION, nous nous sommes referes a la semantique des Points de Vue theorisee par Pierre-Yves Raccah, issue de la theorie de l’”Argumentation dans la Langue”, selon laquelle les mots employes dans les enonces contraignent des points de vue. Nous ferons finalement une synthese des definitions donnees et voir en effet que les notions de point de vue et de CONNOTATION sont liees etroitement. English: CONNOTATION and Point of view: Two Notions Strictly ConnectedIn this article, first an overview of the term "CONNOTATION" is presented as it was used by logicians and linguists before Hjelmslev. Then, this term is examined in the field of semiotics in the works of Hjemslev, Barthes and Greimas, and we go to see that in semiotics, a connotative system can be one of the creative systems of the sense, but it must be completed by other mechanisms. Finally, we shall place the CONNOTATION in the field of semantics by referring to Pierre-Yves Raccah's point of view, stemming from the theory of the "Argumentation in the Language", according to which words used in statements force points of view. We are going to give our definition of this term and we indeed go to see that the notions of point of view and CONNOTATION are strictly connected.Key words: CONNOTATION, semantics, semiotics, point of view, argumentation in the language, topos, topoi

during the last century in the 80s, an outbreak of opportunistic infections and Kaposi's sarcoma was reported for the first time in homosexual men [1]. This disease had a fatal outcome and was named as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) due to total loss of CD4+T-lymphocytes. Shortly after it was described, the disease was rampantly found in hemophilic patients, drug addicts using injectable form of illicit drugs, recipients of contaminated blood and infants of affected mothers...

This study aims to recognize the symbols and mythology dominant in civic advertisements in Tehran. In doing so, examples of billboards on display in Tehran, Iran’s mega-city, during the spring and summer of 1382 were analyzed. The theoretical framework for this work was taken from Ferdinand de Saussure semiotic perspective combined with the theories of Rolan Barth on demystification analysis of advertising texts. The findings reveal the domination of a mythopetic system in Iranian advertising. Parts of these myths are particular to Iranian culture and society, carrying its characteristics within the texts, and others are affected by international or super-national regional myths and are more Universalist.

In some point of view, neither Michel Foucault nor Ibn Khaldun are considered philosophers in the conventional classifications, but both are very  important in intellectual and, of course, in philosophical contexts, especially for those who are interested in the deep study of human life from the perspective of political thought.The main concern of two thinkers, one in the 14th century, the other in the 20th century, is the issue  of power, although neither of them provided a precise definition of it. In this article, an attempt has been made to show the place of power and domination in the political thought of both thinkers by examining the thoughts of two thinkers. And in search of an answer to this question, how did Asabiyyah and industry of religion in Ibn Khaldun's thought and social control through self-technology and discipline in Foucault's thought lead to the expansion of the domination of power? This article is written by analytically comparing the opinions of two thinkers based on Ibn Khaldun's most important book called Muqaddimah and Foucault's late works

Although Parthian era (248.7 BC-224 AD) is one of the longest periods in history of Iran, due to the limitation of main sources such as literature, archaeological and historical evidences, there are some deficiencies of research in this field especially in Iran. Despite the lack of resources, collections of Parthian coins with special features are available which give unique and valuable information to the researchers of Parthian history. Therefore, the present study will use the knowledge of numismatics and semiotics, in order to introduce and evaluate examples of the earliest Parthian coins until the reign of Mithradates II (88 BC. - 123 BC.).While the process for using three symbols of Archer, Omphalos and Throne will identify, review and interpreted. This research will show that Parthian kings consciously used Greek symbols’ functions, changed these symbols in order to consolidate the indigenous traditions and used the CONNOTATION of these three icons for explaining the legitimacy of Parthian rule.

One of the most frequent rules in various areas of demonstrative jurisprudence of Two Major Sects of Islam religion is a rule that is known among Shīʿa as “tolerance in the evidence of traditions” (Arabic: التسامح فی أدلّة السنن) and in Sunnī as “latitudinarianism in documents” (Arabic: التساهل فی أسانید). Believers in the general application of this rule have based it for reasons such as consensus (Arabic: إجماع), tradition famous through practice (Arabic: الشهرة العملیّة), and rational judgement (intellectual judgement) and a group of aḥādīth (Arabic: أحادیث, plural form for ḥadīth, literally “talk” or “discourse”) called “Akhbar-e- Man Balagh” (Arabic: أخبار من بلغ). The understanding of the aforementioned narrations and the extent of application of this rule has caused a conflict of opinions among scholars. The narrations containing the excellences of suras of the Holy Book of Quran is one of the fields of application of the rule of tolerance. The present research has explained the types of exposure to this group of narrations based on the rule of tolerance by using descriptive-exploratory method and using library sources and seeks to find a suitable approach about narrations of the excellences of suras (chapters) of the Holy Book of Quran. The interaction with these narrations is organized based on a special reading of the rule of tolerance in the selected approach, which is based on a rational interpretation of the contents of Man-Balagh (Arabic: من بلغ)’s narrations and is compatible with the indications of some verses and traditions. The use of weak narrations containing the excellences of suras (chapters) will be permissible based on this approach considering three conditions and without any certainty of attributing these narrations to Sharʿ (Islamic rules).